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In 1991, the Ryder Cup reached a new level. Whether it was a higher or lower level is still up for debate 25 years later.Even before the first tee shot, the U.S. vs. Europe matchup was billed as the War by the Shore, a bit of ballyhoo more fit for pro wrestling than civilized golf. Yet it lived up to the hype.The first Ryder Cup to be televised live for its three-day entirety had a winning script played out on the gorgeous stage of the new Ocean Course at Kiawah Island, South Carolina. There were big personalities, conflict, controversy, bruised feelings, nationalism, loud galleries and a dramatic finish. It was perfect television that even bled into NBCs prime time that Saturday night in late September.The coverage captured the enormous pressure players admitted to feeling. Every shot meant something. The best players in the world plopped balls into the water and crumbled like weekend hackers.When American Hale Irwin secured a half-point to give the U.S. the win in the final singles match on Sunday -- after German Bernhard Langer missed a 6-foot putt -- he was drained.I couldnt breathe, Irwin told a reporter. I couldnt swallow. The sphincter factor was high.By the time it was over -- and the Americans had pulled out a 14?-13? victory to reclaim the Cup for the first time since 1983 -- the Ryder Cup had evolved. People who didnt know dormie from a dormouse suddenly cared. The Cup had been mainstreamed. This years version takes place Sept. 30-Oct. 2 at Hazeltine in Chaska, Minnesota.Dave Stockton, who captained the 1991 U.S. team, said the drama punched all the right buttons for TV viewers.The result was heightened interest and TV ratings over the next several meetings as the Americans and Europeans -- so evenly matched -- each won two of the next four Cups.However, many in golf dont look back fondly at the event at Kiawah Island.American Raymond Floyd, a four-time major winner and eight-time Ryder Cup player, calls it a blemish of sorts on an event founded in the spirit of friendly competition.I was not for it, he says. It was not in the spirit of the Ryder Cup and how it was started and what it was meant to be.Setting the stageIn the quarter century since, books have been written and documentaries made about the War by the Shore. Former British and U.S. golf broadcaster Ben Wright once called it the most exciting and infuriatingly antagonistic contest ever in the biennial series.Travis Puterbaugh, World Golf Hall of Fame curator, wrote that it was a milestone in the events transition from a gentlemanly exhibition to a high-stakes international competition.Bernard Gallacher, the 1991 European captain, once said it was a turning point for the Ryder Cup, and not in a good way. He cited hostility and crowd involvement that affected the outcome of matches.But what occurred that late September on and around the Ocean Course didnt just happen. There was history.The U.S. dominated the series from 1927 through the 1970s, when it faced teams from Great Britain and then Great Britain and Ireland. In 1979, it became more competitive when golfers from all of Europe combined to take on the Americans.In 1985 at The Belfry in England, Europe beat the U.S. for the first time, breaking a streak of 13 American victories dating to 1959. Europe won again in 1987 at Jack Nicklaus Muirfield Village in Ohio and then tied 14-14 in 89 at The Belfry, retaining the Cup as defending champion.So as the Americans prepared to host in 1991, there was a mix of Yankee determination and lingering irritation on both sides from 1989.We tied in 89, but the crowds there were very unruly and vocal, and thats where they started with the songs, says Floyd, who captained the U.S. squad that year. It was very difficult playing for our team, and some of the players that were on that team of mine, that carried over to 91.The Europeans also had beefs. Some werent fond of Floyds introduction of his 1989 team as the 12 best players in the world. Then, during play at The Belfry, American Paul Azinger refused to let Spains Seve Ballesteros replace a scuffed ball. Later, Ballesteros challenged a drop made by Azinger.The foundation had been laid for a spirited week at Kiawah.It wasnt a warTo this day, however, Stockton insists the 1991 Ryder Cup was not contentious -- except for Azinger vs. Ballesteros.On the Tuesday night before the first matches on Friday, Stockton and his wife, Cathy, hosted a low-country cookout for both teams.We were having a beer, having some food, and you didnt have to be careful about what you said to anybody, because we all knew each other, he says. No officials. Just us.He recalls, too, that when three days of play ended, the Europeans were gentlemen.They were very gracious losers, probably better than we would have been, he says. He points to Wales Ian Woosnam as an example.They had two buses to take us to dinner, and so were getting on the bus, and Woosie says, Captain, we can all fit on one bus, says Stockton. With this he picks up [American] Corey Pavin and carries him on the bus.Adds Stockton: It was friends. It wasnt a war.But the night after the pretournament cookout, events began to change that perception.? On Wednesday, as the U.S. team drove to Charleston for the pre-Cup gala, three of the team limos were involved in a collision. Steve Pate suffered bruised ribs and was treated by a local hospital and released. Pate was held out of Fridays play, put into one Saturday four-ball match (with Pavin, losing 2 and 1 to Langer and Colin Montgomerie) and then held out of singles play Sunday.The Europeans felt like there were some shenanigans going on when I was sitting Pate when I could have played him, says Stockton. He seriously couldnt play.As a result, per Ryder Cup rules, one European player (it turned out to be David Gilford) also had to sit out the singles matches, and each team was awarded a half-point.? At the gala, a highlight video of the European team was shown, lasting about five minutes. The American video ran about 20 minutes. Stockton cringed.Im thinking to myself, Ive worked really hard not to give any locker room agenda to put on the wall about this, that or the other thing, and it could all come crashing down just because of this, he says.? A few of the U.S. players wore camouflage hats on Day 1 as a nod to the military in the Gulf War that year. The opening ceremony, too, featured a military flyover, Marine honor guard and a drill team from The Citadel. Some of the Europeans reportedly were rankled by the martial tone.Sports Illustrateds John Garrity, who covered the ceremony, wrote that the Europeans looked like Soviet dissidents forced to witness a Mayday parade of weaponry in Red Square.Stockton said it wasnt meant to offend.It was the Gulf War years and there was a lot of American pride, and I wanted to feed on the American pride, he says. And I wanted people to be proud of America and what we stand for. Some of the people took it the wrong way.? During the matches, fans of both teams were loud and enthusiastic. Some European fans sang soccer-style songs. Americans chanted U-S-A! U-S-A! Langer told a reporter it was like being a soccer player on the road, with fans cheering his bad shots.Stockton recalls the atmosphere as electric and said most fans behaved. Any tension that did build up outside the ropes he attributes to the War by the Shore thing.? Then came some gamesmanship. Azinger and Ballesteros had a reprise of their run-in from 89. In a Day 1 foursomes match in which Azinger and Chip Beck faced Ballesteros and Jose Maria Olazabal, the Europeans challenged the Americans for changing balls (to use varied compressions on different holes), a no-no.Stockton said he had no intention of matching Azinger against Ballesteros, but thats the way the Friday draw turned out, for both the morning and afternoon matches.Im like, Oh, boy, here we go, says Stockton, recalling his reaction when he saw the draws. Both sides like to agitate a little bit.The Americans, meanwhile, took umbrage with Ballesteros coughing in the middle of their swings. Floyd says the rivalry that week got spicy and recalls his own incident with Ballesteros.I pulled him up [confronted him] from kind of clearing his throat in the backswing when Freddy [Couples] was playing, says Floyd.Down to the final shotThe golf itself was mesmerizing, on the canvas of the Ocean Course, a Pete Dye design where danger was everywhere.The U.S. took a 4?-3? lead on Day 1. On Day 2, the Americans won three of the first four matches to build a 7?-4? lead. But Europe rallied in the afternoon to make it 8-8 going into the final day. To win the Cup, and with Pates match getting halved without being played, the Americans would have to earn 6 of 11 available points in singles.David Feherty and Nick Faldo won the first two pairings for the Europeans, but Mark Calcavecchia took a big lead in the third match against Montgomerie. As Calcavecchia was marching to what looked like a sure win for the Americans -- he was up five holes at one point -- Pavin, Azinger, Beck, Couples and Lanny Wadkins began play, each en route to wins for the U.S.Calcavecchia eventually collapsed on the back nine, and Montgomerie halved the match. Calcavecchia was devastated, but Stockton believes he was a key to the win, having given his team energy and hope with his strong start.The final match of the day was a duel between Irwin and Langer. With about 25,000 fans crowding around the last fairway and green, the two teed off at No. 18 all square. Langer needed to win the hole for Europe to retain the Cup. Irwin needed only to tie. After Irwin bogeyed, Langer had a 6-foot par putt for the win -- and missed.As the German stood in anguish, American fans roared and swarmed the green. Team USA later threw Stockton into the surf and posed for triumphant photos on the shore. Stockton says the poster he has of that weekend may be his favorite golf memento.It all had been great theater. The general public now knew what everyone in golf had known: The Ryder Cup was the sports most dramatic, gut-wrenching event.Ryder Cup was the most pressure I ever performed under, says Floyd. It was the most intense competition, and I won four majors. Teeing off on that first hole of a Ryder Cup was the same thing as trying to hole a 6-footer at the last hole to win a major.Adds Stockton of that memorable week: It all came together. It changed the dynamics of the Ryder Cup, the competition of it and what people thought of it. Authentic Wholesale Nike Shoes . The team says the Spain international has a muscle pull in his right leg. Barcelona hosts third-division side Cartagena in the return leg of their round-of-32 tie after winning their first meeting 4-1. 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Durham 244 (Gurney 6-61) and 83 for 3 lead Nottinghamshire 313 (Libby 144, Lumb 82) by 14 runsScorecard Jake Libby went close to carrying his bat for Nottinghamshire in their Specsavers County Championship match against Durham at Chester-le-Street.But after batting for three full sessions to make 144 the 23-year-old opener was last out with the total on 313, a lead of 69.The Durham openers then put on 67 but they ended the day on 83 for three, only 14 ahead, with Keaton Jennings unbeaten on 34. Mark Stoneman edged Steven Mullaney to slip for 39, then Scott Borthwick fell for nought when he padded up to a straight one from Harry Gurney.With three overs left Imran Tahir came on and skidded a quicker one through an attempted pull to bowl Jack Burnham for three. Libbys progress has stuttered, partly through injury last year, since he made a century on debut at the end of the 2014 season. This was only his second hundred since, but easily beat his previous best of 108.Durham were guilty of feeding his strength as he scored the vast majority of his runs through the leg side, with the most memorable of his 11 fours being a back-foot punch through mid-on.Having reached 50 off yesterdays penultimatte ball, he completed his 191-ball century just before lunch and was lbw to Paul Coughlin in the last over before tea.ddddddddddddLibby was badly missed on 87 by Michael Richardson, who had just been posted at leg gully, and survived a more difficult chance to Borthwick at slip on 116.Otherwise he looked well capable of becoming the solid opener Nottinghamshire have craved, and they would have been in trouble without him, despite Michael Lumbs fluent 82.Lumb edged a drive to second slip when Graham Onions went round the wicket, then Brendan Taylor sliced to backward point before Libby and Samit Patel set out to build steadily.They had put on 82 in 32 overs when Jennings came on for a couple of overs before the new ball and his fifth ball skidded through low to bowl Patel for 37.That sparked the loss of the last six wickets for 45 as Chris Read and the two Lukes, Wood and Fletcher, all fell to the new ball. Imran Tahir saw off Onions and Chris Rushworth, who finished with three wickets each, only to drive Borthwick to extra cover. Libby departed in the next over. ' ' '